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The most effective teachers personalize learning to meet the unique needs of each student and they have always created active learning experiences to engage their students. But teachers struggle with doing this consistently at scale…
The study of English generally involves literary texts, including short stories, novels, essays, drama, and poetry. Frequently, students are expected to read texts from the canon, texts that have been deemed to be models of excellence…
What unique literacy challenges are faced by adolescents in high school mathematics? Mathematics requires students to understand numbers, abstract symbols, and the mathematical context of words. Mathematical literacy is attained only when students…
Science encompasses a broad range of disciplines: mathematics and technology as well the natural and social sciences. Science literacy includes familiarity with the natural world and respect for its unity as well as an awareness of…
Social studies encompasses a broad range of disciplines, including history, geography, government, political science, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and economics. According to the National Council for the Social Studies (2008…
I try to make it make sense, but sometimes I just quit. Reading textbooks is hard because the words are big and I don't understand them, and it gets boring sometimes. I can't read at home, and we don't have enough time in my classes…
The National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) uses three levels to describe student achievement—basic, proficient, and advanced (Lee, Grigg, & Donahue, 2007). Although below basic is not a recognized NAEP designation, it is…
The English Foundations series (including two full-year courses: English Foundations I and English Foundations II) has been carefully designed to help adolescent learners with below-proficient and below-basic achievement to become…
Excerpt 1: Today, chemists use their understanding of the behavior of atoms to imagine and then create new compounds that have never existed in nature. Since Fleming's day, chemists have designed many different antibiotics to overcome…
Students with below-proficient achievement are not the lowest performers in our classrooms. These students are able to meet some of the expectations established for their grade level; however, their reading and writing abilities are…